Recuperación ante Desastres (también “Disaster Recovery” o “DR”) es el conjunto de procedimientos, tecnologías y estrategias diseñadas para restaurar sistemas, datos y operaciones después de un desastre natural, falla tecnológica o incidente de seguridad. Este proceso establece objetivos de tiempo de recuperación (RTO) y punto de recuperación (RPO), definiendo estrategias de respaldo, replicación de datos y procedimientos de restauración, siendo fundamental para minimizar el tiempo de inactividad.

¿Qué es la Recuperación ante Desastres?

La recuperación ante desastres es un proceso sistemático que permite a una organización restaurar sus sistemas de información y operaciones críticas en el menor tiempo posible después de una interrupción, minimizando el impacto en el negocio.

Componentes del Sistema

Planificación de Recuperación

  • Análisis de Impacto al Negocio: Evaluación de procesos críticos
  • Objetivos de Recuperación: RTO y RPO definidos
  • Estrategias de Recuperación: Métodos de restauración
  • Recursos de Recuperación: Personal y tecnología necesarios

Tecnologías de Recuperación

  • Backup y Restauración: Copias de seguridad y restauración
  • Replicación: Duplicación de datos y sistemas
  • Failover: Cambio automático a sistemas de respaldo
  • Cloud Recovery: Recuperación en la nube

Procedimientos Operativos

  • Procedimientos de Activación: Cuándo y cómo activar la recuperación
  • Procedimientos de Restauración: Pasos para restaurar sistemas
  • Procedimientos de Validación: Verificación de la recuperación
  • Procedimientos de Pruebas: Validación regular del sistema

Sistema de Gestión de Recuperación

Gestión de Recuperación

  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import json

class DisasterRecoveryManagement:
    def __init__(self):
        self.recovery_plans = {}
        self.backup_systems = {}
        self.recovery_procedures = {}
        self.testing_schedules = {}
        self.incident_tracking = {}
        self.recovery_metrics = {}
    
    def create_recovery_plan(self, plan_id, plan_config):
        """Crear plan de recuperación ante desastres"""
        self.recovery_plans[plan_id] = {
            'plan_id': plan_id,
            'name': plan_config['name'],
            'description': plan_config['description'],
            'scope': plan_config['scope'],
            'critical_systems': plan_config.get('critical_systems', []),
            'recovery_objectives': plan_config.get('recovery_objectives', {}),
            'recovery_strategies': plan_config.get('recovery_strategies', []),
            'backup_systems': plan_config.get('backup_systems', []),
            'recovery_procedures': plan_config.get('recovery_procedures', []),
            'communication_plan': plan_config.get('communication_plan', {}),
            'testing_schedule': plan_config.get('testing_schedule', {}),
            'status': 'draft',
            'created_date': datetime.now(),
            'last_updated': datetime.now()
        }
    
    def define_recovery_objectives(self, plan_id, objectives):
        """Definir objetivos de recuperación"""
        if plan_id not in self.recovery_plans:
            return False
        
        self.recovery_plans[plan_id]['recovery_objectives'] = {
            'rto': objectives.get('rto', 4),  # Recovery Time Objective (hours)
            'rpo': objectives.get('rpo', 1),  # Recovery Point Objective (hours)
            'mttr': objectives.get('mttr', 2),  # Mean Time To Recovery (hours)
            'availability_target': objectives.get('availability_target', 99.9),  # %
            'data_loss_tolerance': objectives.get('data_loss_tolerance', 0),  # hours
            'system_priority': objectives.get('system_priority', {}),
            'recovery_phases': objectives.get('recovery_phases', [])
        }
        
        return True
    
    def setup_backup_system(self, backup_id, backup_config):
        """Configurar sistema de backup"""
        self.backup_systems[backup_id] = {
            'backup_id': backup_id,
            'name': backup_config['name'],
            'type': backup_config['type'],
            'source_systems': backup_config['source_systems'],
            'destination': backup_config['destination'],
            'backup_frequency': backup_config['backup_frequency'],
            'retention_period': backup_config['retention_period'],
            'encryption': backup_config.get('encryption', True),
            'compression': backup_config.get('compression', True),
            'verification': backup_config.get('verification', True),
            'status': 'active',
            'last_backup': None,
            'backup_size': 0,
            'created_date': datetime.now()
        }
    
    def execute_backup(self, backup_id, backup_data):
        """Ejecutar backup"""
        if backup_id not in self.backup_systems:
            return False
        
        backup_system = self.backup_systems[backup_id]
        
        backup_execution = {
            'backup_id': backup_id,
            'execution_id': f"BACKUP-{len(backup_system.get('executions', [])) + 1}",
            'start_time': datetime.now(),
            'end_time': None,
            'status': 'in_progress',
            'backup_size': 0,
            'files_backed_up': 0,
            'success': False,
            'error_message': None
        }
        
        # Simular ejecución de backup
        if backup_system['status'] == 'active':
            backup_execution['status'] = 'completed'
            backup_execution['end_time'] = datetime.now()
            backup_execution['success'] = True
            backup_execution['backup_size'] = backup_data.get('backup_size', 1000000)  # 1GB
            backup_execution['files_backed_up'] = backup_data.get('files_backed_up', 1000)
        else:
            backup_execution['status'] = 'failed'
            backup_execution['end_time'] = datetime.now()
            backup_execution['error_message'] = 'Backup system inactive'
        
        # Actualizar sistema de backup
        if 'executions' not in backup_system:
            backup_system['executions'] = []
        
        backup_system['executions'].append(backup_execution)
        backup_system['last_backup'] = datetime.now()
        backup_system['backup_size'] = backup_execution['backup_size']
        
        return backup_execution['execution_id']
    
    def create_recovery_procedure(self, procedure_id, procedure_config):
        """Crear procedimiento de recuperación"""
        self.recovery_procedures[procedure_id] = {
            'procedure_id': procedure_id,
            'name': procedure_config['name'],
            'description': procedure_config['description'],
            'system_id': procedure_config['system_id'],
            'recovery_type': procedure_config['recovery_type'],
            'priority': procedure_config.get('priority', 'medium'),
            'estimated_duration': procedure_config.get('estimated_duration', 60),
            'prerequisites': procedure_config.get('prerequisites', []),
            'steps': procedure_config.get('steps', []),
            'success_criteria': procedure_config.get('success_criteria', []),
            'rollback_procedure': procedure_config.get('rollback_procedure', []),
            'dependencies': procedure_config.get('dependencies', []),
            'created_date': datetime.now()
        }
    
    def execute_recovery(self, recovery_id, recovery_data):
        """Ejecutar procedimiento de recuperación"""
        if recovery_id not in self.recovery_procedures:
            return False
        
        procedure = self.recovery_procedures[recovery_id]
        
        recovery_execution = {
            'execution_id': f"RECOVERY-{len(procedure.get('executions', [])) + 1}",
            'procedure_id': recovery_id,
            'start_time': datetime.now(),
            'end_time': None,
            'status': 'in_progress',
            'steps_completed': 0,
            'total_steps': len(procedure['steps']),
            'success': False,
            'error_message': None,
            'executed_by': recovery_data.get('executed_by', 'system'),
            'recovery_data': recovery_data
        }
        
        # Simular ejecución de recuperación
        try:
            # Ejecutar pasos del procedimiento
            for i, step in enumerate(procedure['steps']):
                recovery_execution['steps_completed'] = i + 1
                # Simular tiempo de ejecución
                time.sleep(0.1)  # En producción, esto sería tiempo real
            
            recovery_execution['status'] = 'completed'
            recovery_execution['end_time'] = datetime.now()
            recovery_execution['success'] = True
            
        except Exception as e:
            recovery_execution['status'] = 'failed'
            recovery_execution['end_time'] = datetime.now()
            recovery_execution['error_message'] = str(e)
        
        # Actualizar procedimiento
        if 'executions' not in procedure:
            procedure['executions'] = []
        
        procedure['executions'].append(recovery_execution)
        
        return recovery_execution['execution_id']
    
    def schedule_recovery_test(self, test_id, test_config):
        """Programar prueba de recuperación"""
        self.testing_schedules[test_id] = {
            'test_id': test_id,
            'name': test_config['name'],
            'description': test_config['description'],
            'plan_id': test_config['plan_id'],
            'test_type': test_config['test_type'],
            'scheduled_date': test_config['scheduled_date'],
            'duration_hours': test_config.get('duration_hours', 4),
            'test_scenarios': test_config.get('test_scenarios', []),
            'participants': test_config.get('participants', []),
            'success_criteria': test_config.get('success_criteria', []),
            'status': 'scheduled',
            'results': {},
            'created_date': datetime.now()
        }
    
    def conduct_recovery_test(self, test_id, test_data):
        """Realizar prueba de recuperación"""
        if test_id not in self.testing_schedules:
            return False
        
        test = self.testing_schedules[test_id]
        
        test['status'] = 'in_progress'
        test['start_time'] = datetime.now()
        
        # Simular ejecución de prueba
        test_results = {
            'test_id': test_id,
            'start_time': test['start_time'],
            'end_time': test['start_time'] + timedelta(hours=test['duration_hours']),
            'scenarios_tested': len(test_data.get('scenarios_tested', [])),
            'scenarios_passed': len(test_data.get('scenarios_passed', [])),
            'scenarios_failed': len(test_data.get('scenarios_failed', [])),
            'rto_achieved': test_data.get('rto_achieved', False),
            'rpo_achieved': test_data.get('rpo_achieved', False),
            'systems_recovered': test_data.get('systems_recovered', []),
            'data_integrity_verified': test_data.get('data_integrity_verified', False),
            'issues_identified': test_data.get('issues_identified', []),
            'recommendations': test_data.get('recommendations', []),
            'overall_success': test_data.get('overall_success', False)
        }
        
        # Calcular métricas
        total_scenarios = test_results['scenarios_tested']
        if total_scenarios > 0:
            test_results['success_rate'] = (test_results['scenarios_passed'] / total_scenarios * 100)
        else:
            test_results['success_rate'] = 0
        
        test['results'] = test_results
        test['status'] = 'completed'
        test['end_time'] = test_results['end_time']
        
        return True
    
    def calculate_recovery_metrics(self, plan_id):
        """Calcular métricas de recuperación"""
        if plan_id not in self.recovery_plans:
            return None
        
        plan = self.recovery_plans[plan_id]
        
        # Obtener procedimientos de recuperación del plan
        plan_procedures = [p for p in self.recovery_procedures.values() if p['procedure_id'] in plan.get('recovery_procedures', [])]
        
        # Obtener pruebas del plan
        plan_tests = [t for t in self.testing_schedules.values() if t['plan_id'] == plan_id]
        
        # Calcular métricas
        total_procedures = len(plan_procedures)
        total_tests = len(plan_tests)
        successful_tests = len([t for t in plan_tests if t.get('results', {}).get('overall_success', False)])
        
        # Calcular RTO y RPO promedio
        rto_achieved = len([t for t in plan_tests if t.get('results', {}).get('rto_achieved', False)])
        rpo_achieved = len([t for t in plan_tests if t.get('results', {}).get('rpo_achieved', False)])
        
        # Calcular score de madurez
        maturity_score = self.calculate_maturity_score(plan, plan_procedures, plan_tests)
        
        metrics = {
            'plan_id': plan_id,
            'total_procedures': total_procedures,
            'total_tests': total_tests,
            'successful_tests': successful_tests,
            'test_success_rate': (successful_tests / total_tests * 100) if total_tests > 0 else 0,
            'rto_achievement_rate': (rto_achieved / total_tests * 100) if total_tests > 0 else 0,
            'rpo_achievement_rate': (rpo_achieved / total_tests * 100) if total_tests > 0 else 0,
            'maturity_score': maturity_score,
            'last_test_date': max([t['scheduled_date'] for t in plan_tests]) if plan_tests else None
        }
        
        return metrics
    
    def calculate_maturity_score(self, plan, procedures, tests):
        """Calcular score de madurez del plan"""
        score = 0
        
        # Factor de completitud del plan
        if plan.get('recovery_objectives'):
            score += 20
        if plan.get('recovery_strategies'):
            score += 15
        if plan.get('backup_systems'):
            score += 15
        if plan.get('recovery_procedures'):
            score += 15
        if plan.get('communication_plan'):
            score += 10
        
        # Factor de procedimientos
        if procedures:
            score += 15
        
        # Factor de pruebas
        if tests:
            successful_tests = len([t for t in tests if t.get('results', {}).get('overall_success', False)])
            if successful_tests > 0:
                score += 10
        
        return min(score, 100)
    
    def generate_recovery_report(self, plan_id):
        """Generar reporte de recuperación"""
        if plan_id not in self.recovery_plans:
            return None
        
        plan = self.recovery_plans[plan_id]
        metrics = self.calculate_recovery_metrics(plan_id)
        
        if not metrics:
            return None
        
        # Obtener procedimientos del plan
        plan_procedures = [p for p in self.recovery_procedures.values() if p['procedure_id'] in plan.get('recovery_procedures', [])]
        
        # Obtener pruebas recientes
        recent_tests = [t for t in self.testing_schedules.values() if t['plan_id'] == plan_id and t['scheduled_date'] >= datetime.now() - timedelta(days=90)]
        
        # Generar recomendaciones
        recommendations = self.generate_recovery_recommendations(plan, metrics, recent_tests)
        
        report = {
            'plan_id': plan_id,
            'plan_name': plan['name'],
            'report_date': datetime.now(),
            'plan_status': plan['status'],
            'recovery_objectives': plan.get('recovery_objectives', {}),
            'metrics': metrics,
            'procedures_count': len(plan_procedures),
            'recent_tests_count': len(recent_tests),
            'recommendations': recommendations,
            'next_steps': self.generate_next_steps(recommendations)
        }
        
        return report
    
    def generate_recovery_recommendations(self, plan, metrics, recent_tests):
        """Generar recomendaciones de recuperación"""
        recommendations = []
        
        # Recomendaciones basadas en métricas
        if metrics['test_success_rate'] < 80:
            recommendations.append({
                'type': 'testing_improvement',
                'priority': 'high',
                'description': f"Mejorar tasa de éxito de pruebas ({metrics['test_success_rate']:.1f}%)",
                'action': 'Review and improve recovery procedures based on test failures'
            })
        
        if metrics['rto_achievement_rate'] < 90:
            recommendations.append({
                'type': 'rto_improvement',
                'priority': 'high',
                'description': f"Mejorar logro de RTO ({metrics['rto_achievement_rate']:.1f}%)",
                'action': 'Optimize recovery procedures to meet RTO objectives'
            })
        
        if metrics['rpo_achievement_rate'] < 90:
            recommendations.append({
                'type': 'rpo_improvement',
                'priority': 'high',
                'description': f"Mejorar logro de RPO ({metrics['rpo_achievement_rate']:.1f}%)",
                'action': 'Improve backup frequency and data replication'
            })
        
        if metrics['maturity_score'] < 70:
            recommendations.append({
                'type': 'plan_maturity',
                'priority': 'medium',
                'description': f"Mejorar madurez del plan ({metrics['maturity_score']}/100)",
                'action': 'Complete missing plan components and improve documentation'
            })
        
        # Recomendaciones basadas en pruebas recientes
        if recent_tests:
            failed_tests = [t for t in recent_tests if not t.get('results', {}).get('overall_success', False)]
            if failed_tests:
                recommendations.append({
                    'type': 'test_failures',
                    'priority': 'high',
                    'description': f"Abordar {len(failed_tests)} pruebas fallidas recientes",
                    'action': 'Investigate and fix issues identified in failed tests'
                })
        
        return recommendations
    
    def generate_next_steps(self, recommendations):
        """Generar próximos pasos basados en recomendaciones"""
        next_steps = []
        
        high_priority = [r for r in recommendations if r['priority'] == 'high']
        medium_priority = [r for r in recommendations if r['priority'] == 'medium']
        
        if high_priority:
            next_steps.append({
                'timeline': 'Immediate',
                'actions': [r['action'] for r in high_priority],
                'priority': 'High'
            })
        
        if medium_priority:
            next_steps.append({
                'timeline': 'Within 1 month',
                'actions': [r['action'] for r in medium_priority],
                'priority': 'Medium'
            })
        
        return next_steps

# Ejemplo de uso
recovery_mgmt = DisasterRecoveryManagement()

# Crear plan de recuperación
recovery_mgmt.create_recovery_plan('PLAN-001', {
    'name': 'Disaster Recovery Plan 2025',
    'description': 'Plan de recuperación ante desastres para 2025',
    'scope': 'organization_wide',
    'critical_systems': ['Order Processing', 'Customer Database', 'Payment System'],
    'recovery_strategies': ['Backup and Restore', 'Failover', 'Cloud Recovery'],
    'backup_systems': ['BACKUP-001', 'BACKUP-002'],
    'recovery_procedures': ['PROC-001', 'PROC-002']
})

# Definir objetivos de recuperación
recovery_mgmt.define_recovery_objectives('PLAN-001', {
    'rto': 4,  # 4 horas
    'rpo': 1,  # 1 hora
    'mttr': 2,  # 2 horas
    'availability_target': 99.9,
    'data_loss_tolerance': 0
})

# Configurar sistema de backup
recovery_mgmt.setup_backup_system('BACKUP-001', {
    'name': 'Primary Backup System',
    'type': 'incremental',
    'source_systems': ['Order Processing', 'Customer Database'],
    'destination': 'Cloud Storage',
    'backup_frequency': 'daily',
    'retention_period': 30,
    'encryption': True,
    'compression': True
})

# Crear procedimiento de recuperación
recovery_mgmt.create_recovery_procedure('PROC-001', {
    'name': 'Order Processing Recovery',
    'description': 'Recuperación del sistema de procesamiento de pedidos',
    'system_id': 'Order Processing',
    'recovery_type': 'full_restore',
    'priority': 'high',
    'estimated_duration': 120,
    'steps': [
        'Stop primary system',
        'Restore from backup',
        'Verify data integrity',
        'Start system services',
        'Validate functionality'
    ],
    'success_criteria': ['System operational', 'Data integrity verified', 'All services running']
})

# Programar prueba de recuperación
test_id = recovery_mgmt.schedule_recovery_test('TEST-001', {
    'name': 'Q1 Recovery Test',
    'description': 'Prueba de recuperación Q1 2025',
    'plan_id': 'PLAN-001',
    'test_type': 'full_recovery',
    'scheduled_date': datetime.now() + timedelta(days=30),
    'duration_hours': 4,
    'test_scenarios': ['System failure', 'Data corruption', 'Network outage'],
    'participants': ['IT Team', 'Security Team', 'Business Team']
})

# Generar reporte
report = recovery_mgmt.generate_recovery_report('PLAN-001')
print(f"Reporte de recuperación: {report['plan_name']}")
print(f"Score de madurez: {report['metrics']['maturity_score']}")
print(f"Recomendaciones: {len(report['recommendations'])}")

Gestión de Backup

  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
class BackupManagement:
    def __init__(self):
        self.backup_jobs = {}
        self.backup_storage = {}
        self.retention_policies = {}
        self.verification_results = {}
    
    def create_backup_job(self, job_id, job_config):
        """Crear trabajo de backup"""
        self.backup_jobs[job_id] = {
            'job_id': job_id,
            'name': job_config['name'],
            'source_paths': job_config['source_paths'],
            'destination': job_config['destination'],
            'backup_type': job_config['backup_type'],
            'schedule': job_config['schedule'],
            'retention_policy': job_config.get('retention_policy'),
            'encryption': job_config.get('encryption', True),
            'compression': job_config.get('compression', True),
            'verification': job_config.get('verification', True),
            'status': 'active',
            'last_run': None,
            'next_run': None,
            'created_date': datetime.now()
        }
    
    def execute_backup_job(self, job_id, execution_data):
        """Ejecutar trabajo de backup"""
        if job_id not in self.backup_jobs:
            return False
        
        job = self.backup_jobs[job_id]
        
        execution = {
            'execution_id': f"EXEC-{len(job.get('executions', [])) + 1}",
            'job_id': job_id,
            'start_time': datetime.now(),
            'end_time': None,
            'status': 'running',
            'files_processed': 0,
            'files_backed_up': 0,
            'backup_size': 0,
            'success': False,
            'error_message': None
        }
        
        # Simular ejecución de backup
        try:
            # Simular procesamiento de archivos
            execution['files_processed'] = execution_data.get('files_processed', 1000)
            execution['files_backed_up'] = execution_data.get('files_backed_up', 950)
            execution['backup_size'] = execution_data.get('backup_size', 500000000)  # 500MB
            
            execution['status'] = 'completed'
            execution['end_time'] = datetime.now()
            execution['success'] = True
            
        except Exception as e:
            execution['status'] = 'failed'
            execution['end_time'] = datetime.now()
            execution['error_message'] = str(e)
        
        # Actualizar trabajo
        if 'executions' not in job:
            job['executions'] = []
        
        job['executions'].append(execution)
        job['last_run'] = execution['start_time']
        
        return execution['execution_id']
    
    def verify_backup(self, job_id, execution_id):
        """Verificar backup"""
        if job_id not in self.backup_jobs:
            return False
        
        job = self.backup_jobs[job_id]
        
        # Buscar ejecución
        execution = None
        for exec in job.get('executions', []):
            if exec['execution_id'] == execution_id:
                execution = exec
                break
        
        if not execution:
            return False
        
        verification = {
            'verification_id': f"VERIFY-{len(self.verification_results) + 1}",
            'execution_id': execution_id,
            'job_id': job_id,
            'verification_date': datetime.now(),
            'verification_type': 'integrity_check',
            'files_verified': 0,
            'files_corrupted': 0,
            'verification_success': False,
            'error_message': None
        }
        
        # Simular verificación
        if execution['success']:
            verification['files_verified'] = execution['files_backed_up']
            verification['verification_success'] = True
        else:
            verification['error_message'] = 'Backup execution failed'
        
        self.verification_results[verification['verification_id']] = verification
        
        return verification['verification_id']
    
    def apply_retention_policy(self, job_id):
        """Aplicar política de retención"""
        if job_id not in self.backup_jobs:
            return False
        
        job = self.backup_jobs[job_id]
        
        if not job.get('retention_policy'):
            return False
        
        retention_days = job['retention_policy']
        cutoff_date = datetime.now() - timedelta(days=retention_days)
        
        # Simular eliminación de backups antiguos
        old_executions = [exec for exec in job.get('executions', []) if exec['start_time'] < cutoff_date]
        
        for exec in old_executions:
            exec['status'] = 'deleted'
            exec['deletion_date'] = datetime.now()
        
        return len(old_executions)
    
    def generate_backup_report(self, job_id):
        """Generar reporte de backup"""
        if job_id not in self.backup_jobs:
            return None
        
        job = self.backup_jobs[job_id]
        executions = job.get('executions', [])
        
        if not executions:
            return None
        
        # Calcular métricas
        total_executions = len(executions)
        successful_executions = len([e for e in executions if e['success']])
        failed_executions = len([e for e in executions if not e['success']])
        
        total_files = sum(e['files_backed_up'] for e in executions)
        total_size = sum(e['backup_size'] for e in executions)
        
        # Calcular tendencias
        recent_executions = [e for e in executions if e['start_time'] >= datetime.now() - timedelta(days=30)]
        recent_success_rate = (len([e for e in recent_executions if e['success']]) / len(recent_executions) * 100) if recent_executions else 0
        
        report = {
            'job_id': job_id,
            'job_name': job['name'],
            'report_date': datetime.now(),
            'total_executions': total_executions,
            'successful_executions': successful_executions,
            'failed_executions': failed_executions,
            'success_rate': (successful_executions / total_executions * 100) if total_executions > 0 else 0,
            'total_files_backed_up': total_files,
            'total_backup_size': total_size,
            'recent_success_rate': recent_success_rate,
            'last_backup': job['last_run'],
            'next_backup': job['next_run']
        }
        
        return report

# Ejemplo de uso
backup_mgmt = BackupManagement()

# Crear trabajo de backup
backup_mgmt.create_backup_job('JOB-001', {
    'name': 'Daily Database Backup',
    'source_paths': ['/var/lib/mysql', '/var/log/mysql'],
    'destination': 's3://backup-bucket/database/',
    'backup_type': 'incremental',
    'schedule': 'daily',
    'retention_policy': 30,
    'encryption': True,
    'compression': True,
    'verification': True
})

# Ejecutar backup
execution_id = backup_mgmt.execute_backup_job('JOB-001', {
    'files_processed': 1000,
    'files_backed_up': 950,
    'backup_size': 500000000
})

# Verificar backup
verification_id = backup_mgmt.verify_backup('JOB-001', execution_id)

# Generar reporte
report = backup_mgmt.generate_backup_report('JOB-001')
print(f"Reporte de backup: {report['job_name']}")
print(f"Tasa de éxito: {report['success_rate']:.1f}%")
print(f"Archivos respaldados: {report['total_files_backed_up']}")

Mejores Prácticas

Planificación

  • Objetivos Claros: RTO y RPO bien definidos
  • Procedimientos Detallados: Procedimientos paso a paso
  • Recursos Adecuados: Personal y tecnología suficientes
  • Pruebas Regulares: Validación regular del plan

Implementación

  • Backup Automatizado: Backups automáticos y regulares
  • Verificación: Verificación de integridad de backups
  • Almacenamiento Seguro: Almacenamiento seguro y redundante
  • Monitoreo: Monitoreo continuo del sistema

Recuperación

  • Respuesta Rápida: Activación rápida del plan
  • Procedimientos Probados: Procedimientos validados
  • Comunicación: Comunicación efectiva durante la recuperación
  • Documentación: Documentación completa del proceso

Conceptos Relacionados

Referencias