Security by Design

Security by Design (también “Seguridad desde el Diseño” o “Seguridad Integrada”) es un enfoque de desarrollo que integra la seguridad desde las primeras etapas del diseño de sistemas, aplicaciones y procesos, en lugar de añadirla como una consideración posterior. Este enfoque es fundamental para reducir la superficie de ataque, minimizar vulnerabilidades y reducir los costos de remediación, siendo más efectivo y económico que intentar agregar seguridad después del desarrollo, y requiere que los equipos consideren aspectos de seguridad como autenticación, autorización y cifrado desde el inicio.

¿Qué es Security by Design?

Security by Design es una metodología que considera la seguridad como un requisito fundamental desde el inicio del ciclo de vida del desarrollo, asegurando que los controles de seguridad estén integrados de manera natural y eficiente en el diseño.

Principios Fundamentales

Integración Temprana

  • Desde el Inicio: Seguridad desde la fase de diseño
  • Requisito Fundamental: Seguridad como requisito no negociable
  • Ciclo de Vida: Integración en todo el ciclo de vida
  • Cultura: Cultura de seguridad en el desarrollo

Diseño Seguro

  • Principio de Menor Privilegio: Acceso mínimo necesario
  • Fallo Seguro: Fallo hacia estado seguro
  • Defensa en Profundidad: Múltiples capas de seguridad
  • Transparencia: Diseño transparente y auditable

Mejora Continua

  • Iterativo: Mejora continua del diseño
  • Aprendizaje: Aprendizaje de incidentes
  • Actualización: Actualización de controles
  • Innovación: Innovación en seguridad

Metodologías de Security by Design

Secure Development Lifecycle (SDL)

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class SecureDevelopmentLifecycle:
    def __init__(self):
        self.phases = {
            'requirements': {
                'name': 'Security Requirements',
                'activities': [
                    'Security requirements gathering',
                    'Threat modeling',
                    'Security risk assessment',
                    'Compliance requirements'
                ],
                'deliverables': [
                    'Security requirements document',
                    'Threat model',
                    'Risk assessment report',
                    'Compliance matrix'
                ]
            },
            'design': {
                'name': 'Secure Design',
                'activities': [
                    'Security architecture design',
                    'Security control selection',
                    'Security pattern implementation',
                    'Security review'
                ],
                'deliverables': [
                    'Security architecture document',
                    'Security design patterns',
                    'Security control specifications',
                    'Design review report'
                ]
            },
            'implementation': {
                'name': 'Secure Implementation',
                'activities': [
                    'Secure coding practices',
                    'Code review',
                    'Static analysis',
                    'Security testing'
                ],
                'deliverables': [
                    'Secure code',
                    'Code review reports',
                    'Static analysis results',
                    'Security test results'
                ]
            },
            'testing': {
                'name': 'Security Testing',
                'activities': [
                    'Penetration testing',
                    'Vulnerability assessment',
                    'Security integration testing',
                    'Compliance testing'
                ],
                'deliverables': [
                    'Penetration test report',
                    'Vulnerability assessment',
                    'Security test results',
                    'Compliance report'
                ]
            },
            'deployment': {
                'name': 'Secure Deployment',
                'activities': [
                    'Security configuration',
                    'Security monitoring setup',
                    'Incident response preparation',
                    'Security training'
                ],
                'deliverables': [
                    'Security configuration guide',
                    'Monitoring setup',
                    'Incident response plan',
                    'Training materials'
                ]
            },
            'maintenance': {
                'name': 'Security Maintenance',
                'activities': [
                    'Security monitoring',
                    'Vulnerability management',
                    'Security updates',
                    'Security reviews'
                ],
                'deliverables': [
                    'Monitoring reports',
                    'Vulnerability reports',
                    'Update procedures',
                    'Review reports'
                ]
            }
        }
        
        self.security_gates = {}
        self.quality_metrics = {}
    
    def define_security_gate(self, phase, gate_config):
        """Definir puerta de seguridad"""
        self.security_gates[phase] = {
            'phase': phase,
            'criteria': gate_config['criteria'],
            'checklist': gate_config['checklist'],
            'approval_required': gate_config.get('approval_required', True),
            'automated_checks': gate_config.get('automated_checks', [])
        }
    
    def evaluate_security_gate(self, phase, project_data):
        """Evaluar puerta de seguridad"""
        if phase not in self.security_gates:
            return {'status': 'no_gate', 'message': 'No security gate defined'}
        
        gate = self.security_gates[phase]
        results = {
            'phase': phase,
            'criteria_met': [],
            'criteria_failed': [],
            'checklist_completed': [],
            'checklist_pending': [],
            'automated_checks': {},
            'overall_status': 'pending'
        }
        
        # Evaluar criterios
        for criterion in gate['criteria']:
            if self.evaluate_criterion(criterion, project_data):
                results['criteria_met'].append(criterion)
            else:
                results['criteria_failed'].append(criterion)
        
        # Evaluar checklist
        for item in gate['checklist']:
            if self.evaluate_checklist_item(item, project_data):
                results['checklist_completed'].append(item)
            else:
                results['checklist_pending'].append(item)
        
        # Ejecutar verificaciones automatizadas
        for check in gate['automated_checks']:
            check_result = self.run_automated_check(check, project_data)
            results['automated_checks'][check] = check_result
        
        # Determinar estado general
        if (len(results['criteria_failed']) == 0 and 
            len(results['checklist_pending']) == 0):
            results['overall_status'] = 'passed'
        else:
            results['overall_status'] = 'failed'
        
        return results
    
    def evaluate_criterion(self, criterion, project_data):
        """Evaluar criterio específico"""
        # Implementación simplificada
        criterion_checks = {
            'security_requirements_defined': 'security_requirements' in project_data,
            'threat_model_completed': 'threat_model' in project_data,
            'security_architecture_reviewed': 'security_architecture' in project_data,
            'code_review_completed': 'code_review' in project_data,
            'security_tests_passed': 'security_tests' in project_data
        }
        
        return criterion_checks.get(criterion, False)
    
    def evaluate_checklist_item(self, item, project_data):
        """Evaluar item del checklist"""
        # Implementación simplificada
        checklist_checks = {
            'security_documentation': 'security_docs' in project_data,
            'vulnerability_scan': 'vuln_scan' in project_data,
            'penetration_test': 'pen_test' in project_data,
            'security_training': 'security_training' in project_data
        }
        
        return checklist_checks.get(item, False)
    
    def run_automated_check(self, check_name, project_data):
        """Ejecutar verificación automatizada"""
        automated_checks = {
            'static_analysis': self.run_static_analysis(project_data),
            'dependency_scan': self.run_dependency_scan(project_data),
            'configuration_scan': self.run_configuration_scan(project_data),
            'compliance_check': self.run_compliance_check(project_data)
        }
        
        return automated_checks.get(check_name, {'status': 'not_implemented'})
    
    def run_static_analysis(self, project_data):
        """Ejecutar análisis estático"""
        # Simulación de análisis estático
        issues = [
            {'type': 'security', 'severity': 'high', 'count': 2},
            {'type': 'quality', 'severity': 'medium', 'count': 5},
            {'type': 'performance', 'severity': 'low', 'count': 3}
        ]
        
        return {
            'status': 'completed',
            'issues_found': len(issues),
            'security_issues': len([i for i in issues if i['type'] == 'security']),
            'issues': issues
        }
    
    def run_dependency_scan(self, project_data):
        """Ejecutar escaneo de dependencias"""
        # Simulación de escaneo de dependencias
        vulnerabilities = [
            {'package': 'lodash', 'version': '4.17.15', 'severity': 'high'},
            {'package': 'jquery', 'version': '3.4.1', 'severity': 'medium'}
        ]
        
        return {
            'status': 'completed',
            'vulnerabilities_found': len(vulnerabilities),
            'vulnerabilities': vulnerabilities
        }
    
    def run_configuration_scan(self, project_data):
        """Ejecutar escaneo de configuración"""
        # Simulación de escaneo de configuración
        misconfigurations = [
            {'type': 'weak_cipher', 'severity': 'high'},
            {'type': 'default_password', 'severity': 'critical'},
            {'type': 'unnecessary_service', 'severity': 'medium'}
        ]
        
        return {
            'status': 'completed',
            'misconfigurations_found': len(misconfigurations),
            'misconfigurations': misconfigurations
        }
    
    def run_compliance_check(self, project_data):
        """Ejecutar verificación de cumplimiento"""
        # Simulación de verificación de cumplimiento
        compliance_checks = {
            'ISO_27001': {'status': 'passed', 'score': 85},
            'GDPR': {'status': 'passed', 'score': 90},
            'PCI_DSS': {'status': 'failed', 'score': 70}
        }
        
        return {
            'status': 'completed',
            'compliance_checks': compliance_checks,
            'overall_compliance': 'partial'
        }

# Ejemplo de uso
sdl = SecureDevelopmentLifecycle()

# Definir puerta de seguridad para fase de diseño
sdl.define_security_gate('design', {
    'criteria': [
        'security_requirements_defined',
        'threat_model_completed',
        'security_architecture_reviewed'
    ],
    'checklist': [
        'security_documentation',
        'vulnerability_scan'
    ],
    'automated_checks': ['static_analysis', 'dependency_scan']
})

# Evaluar puerta de seguridad
project_data = {
    'security_requirements': True,
    'threat_model': True,
    'security_architecture': True,
    'security_docs': True,
    'vuln_scan': True
}

gate_result = sdl.evaluate_security_gate('design', project_data)
print(f"Resultado de puerta de seguridad: {gate_result['overall_status']}")

Threat Modeling

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class ThreatModeling:
    def __init__(self):
        self.threat_models = {}
        self.threat_categories = {
            'Spoofing': 'Suplantación de identidad',
            'Tampering': 'Modificación de datos',
            'Repudiation': 'Repudio de acciones',
            'Information_Disclosure': 'Divulgación de información',
            'Denial_of_Service': 'Denegación de servicio',
            'Elevation_of_Privilege': 'Elevación de privilegios'
        }
        
        self.threat_vectors = {}
        self.mitigation_strategies = {}
    
    def create_threat_model(self, model_id, system_config):
        """Crear modelo de amenazas"""
        self.threat_models[model_id] = {
            'model_id': model_id,
            'system_name': system_config['system_name'],
            'components': system_config.get('components', []),
            'data_flows': system_config.get('data_flows', []),
            'trust_boundaries': system_config.get('trust_boundaries', []),
            'threats': [],
            'mitigations': [],
            'risk_level': 'unknown',
            'created_date': datetime.now()
        }
        
        # Generar amenazas automáticamente
        self.generate_threats(model_id)
        
        return self.threat_models[model_id]
    
    def generate_threats(self, model_id):
        """Generar amenazas para el modelo"""
        if model_id not in self.threat_models:
            return
        
        model = self.threat_models[model_id]
        threats = []
        
        # Generar amenazas basadas en componentes
        for component in model['components']:
            component_threats = self.analyze_component_threats(component)
            threats.extend(component_threats)
        
        # Generar amenazas basadas en flujos de datos
        for data_flow in model['data_flows']:
            flow_threats = self.analyze_data_flow_threats(data_flow)
            threats.extend(flow_threats)
        
        # Generar amenazas basadas en límites de confianza
        for boundary in model['trust_boundaries']:
            boundary_threats = self.analyze_boundary_threats(boundary)
            threats.extend(boundary_threats)
        
        model['threats'] = threats
        model['risk_level'] = self.calculate_overall_risk(threats)
    
    def analyze_component_threats(self, component):
        """Analizar amenazas de componente"""
        threats = []
        
        component_type = component.get('type', 'unknown')
        
        if component_type == 'web_server':
            threats.extend([
                {
                    'id': f"THREAT-{component['id']}-001",
                    'category': 'Spoofing',
                    'description': 'Suplantación de identidad en servidor web',
                    'likelihood': 'medium',
                    'impact': 'high',
                    'component': component['id']
                },
                {
                    'id': f"THREAT-{component['id']}-002",
                    'category': 'Tampering',
                    'description': 'Modificación de datos en servidor web',
                    'likelihood': 'medium',
                    'impact': 'high',
                    'component': component['id']
                }
            ])
        elif component_type == 'database':
            threats.extend([
                {
                    'id': f"THREAT-{component['id']}-001",
                    'category': 'Information_Disclosure',
                    'description': 'Divulgación de información de base de datos',
                    'likelihood': 'low',
                    'impact': 'critical',
                    'component': component['id']
                },
                {
                    'id': f"THREAT-{component['id']}-002",
                    'category': 'Tampering',
                    'description': 'Modificación de datos en base de datos',
                    'likelihood': 'low',
                    'impact': 'critical',
                    'component': component['id']
                }
            ])
        
        return threats
    
    def analyze_data_flow_threats(self, data_flow):
        """Analizar amenazas de flujo de datos"""
        threats = []
        
        flow_type = data_flow.get('type', 'unknown')
        
        if flow_type == 'http':
            threats.extend([
                {
                    'id': f"THREAT-FLOW-{data_flow['id']}-001",
                    'category': 'Tampering',
                    'description': 'Modificación de datos en tráfico HTTP',
                    'likelihood': 'medium',
                    'impact': 'medium',
                    'data_flow': data_flow['id']
                },
                {
                    'id': f"THREAT-FLOW-{data_flow['id']}-002",
                    'category': 'Information_Disclosure',
                    'description': 'Interceptación de datos HTTP',
                    'likelihood': 'medium',
                    'impact': 'high',
                    'data_flow': data_flow['id']
                }
            ])
        elif flow_type == 'database_connection':
            threats.extend([
                {
                    'id': f"THREAT-FLOW-{data_flow['id']}-001",
                    'category': 'Information_Disclosure',
                    'description': 'Interceptación de conexión a base de datos',
                    'likelihood': 'low',
                    'impact': 'critical',
                    'data_flow': data_flow['id']
                }
            ])
        
        return threats
    
    def analyze_boundary_threats(self, boundary):
        """Analizar amenazas de límite de confianza"""
        threats = []
        
        boundary_type = boundary.get('type', 'unknown')
        
        if boundary_type == 'network':
            threats.extend([
                {
                    'id': f"THREAT-BOUNDARY-{boundary['id']}-001",
                    'category': 'Spoofing',
                    'description': 'Suplantación a través de límite de red',
                    'likelihood': 'medium',
                    'impact': 'high',
                    'boundary': boundary['id']
                },
                {
                    'id': f"THREAT-BOUNDARY-{boundary['id']}-002",
                    'category': 'Tampering',
                    'description': 'Modificación de datos a través de límite de red',
                    'likelihood': 'medium',
                    'impact': 'high',
                    'boundary': boundary['id']
                }
            ])
        
        return threats
    
    def calculate_overall_risk(self, threats):
        """Calcular riesgo general"""
        if not threats:
            return 'low'
        
        risk_scores = {
            'low': 1,
            'medium': 2,
            'high': 3,
            'critical': 4
        }
        
        total_score = 0
        for threat in threats:
            likelihood_score = risk_scores.get(threat['likelihood'], 1)
            impact_score = risk_scores.get(threat['impact'], 1)
            total_score += likelihood_score * impact_score
        
        average_score = total_score / len(threats)
        
        if average_score >= 3.5:
            return 'critical'
        elif average_score >= 2.5:
            return 'high'
        elif average_score >= 1.5:
            return 'medium'
        else:
            return 'low'
    
    def suggest_mitigations(self, model_id):
        """Sugerir mitigaciones para el modelo"""
        if model_id not in self.threat_models:
            return []
        
        model = self.threat_models[model_id]
        mitigations = []
        
        for threat in model['threats']:
            threat_mitigations = self.get_threat_mitigations(threat)
            mitigations.extend(threat_mitigations)
        
        # Eliminar duplicados
        unique_mitigations = []
        seen = set()
        for mitigation in mitigations:
            mitigation_key = (mitigation['type'], mitigation['description'])
            if mitigation_key not in seen:
                unique_mitigations.append(mitigation)
                seen.add(mitigation_key)
        
        return unique_mitigations
    
    def get_threat_mitigations(self, threat):
        """Obtener mitigaciones para una amenaza específica"""
        mitigations = []
        
        category = threat['category']
        
        if category == 'Spoofing':
            mitigations.append({
                'type': 'Authentication',
                'description': 'Implementar autenticación multifactor',
                'effectiveness': 'high',
                'cost': 'medium'
            })
        elif category == 'Tampering':
            mitigations.append({
                'type': 'Integrity',
                'description': 'Implementar firmas digitales',
                'effectiveness': 'high',
                'cost': 'medium'
            })
        elif category == 'Information_Disclosure':
            mitigations.append({
                'type': 'Encryption',
                'description': 'Implementar cifrado de datos',
                'effectiveness': 'high',
                'cost': 'low'
            })
        elif category == 'Denial_of_Service':
            mitigations.append({
                'type': 'Availability',
                'description': 'Implementar limitación de tasa',
                'effectiveness': 'medium',
                'cost': 'low'
            })
        
        return mitigations

# Ejemplo de uso
threat_modeling = ThreatModeling()

# Crear modelo de amenazas
system_config = {
    'system_name': 'E-commerce Platform',
    'components': [
        {'id': 'web_server', 'type': 'web_server', 'name': 'Web Server'},
        {'id': 'database', 'type': 'database', 'name': 'Customer Database'},
        {'id': 'payment_gateway', 'type': 'external_service', 'name': 'Payment Gateway'}
    ],
    'data_flows': [
        {'id': 'user_to_web', 'type': 'http', 'source': 'user', 'destination': 'web_server'},
        {'id': 'web_to_db', 'type': 'database_connection', 'source': 'web_server', 'destination': 'database'},
        {'id': 'web_to_payment', 'type': 'https', 'source': 'web_server', 'destination': 'payment_gateway'}
    ],
    'trust_boundaries': [
        {'id': 'internet_to_dmz', 'type': 'network', 'name': 'Internet to DMZ'},
        {'id': 'dmz_to_internal', 'type': 'network', 'name': 'DMZ to Internal'}
    ]
}

threat_model = threat_modeling.create_threat_model('TM-001', system_config)
print(f"Modelo de amenazas creado: {threat_model['system_name']}")
print(f"Nivel de riesgo: {threat_model['risk_level']}")
print(f"Amenazas identificadas: {len(threat_model['threats'])}")

# Sugerir mitigaciones
mitigations = threat_modeling.suggest_mitigations('TM-001')
print(f"Mitigaciones sugeridas: {len(mitigations)}")

Secure Coding Practices

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class SecureCodingPractices:
    def __init__(self):
        self.coding_standards = {
            'input_validation': {
                'name': 'Input Validation',
                'description': 'Validar todas las entradas del usuario',
                'examples': [
                    'Use parameterized queries',
                    'Validate input length and format',
                    'Sanitize user input',
                    'Use whitelist validation'
                ],
                'anti_patterns': [
                    'Direct string concatenation in SQL',
                    'Trusting user input without validation',
                    'Using blacklist validation only'
                ]
            },
            'authentication': {
                'name': 'Authentication',
                'description': 'Implementar autenticación segura',
                'examples': [
                    'Use strong password policies',
                    'Implement multi-factor authentication',
                    'Use secure session management',
                    'Implement account lockout'
                ],
                'anti_patterns': [
                    'Storing passwords in plain text',
                    'Weak password requirements',
                    'Session fixation vulnerabilities'
                ]
            },
            'authorization': {
                'name': 'Authorization',
                'description': 'Implementar autorización adecuada',
                'examples': [
                    'Implement role-based access control',
                    'Check permissions for each request',
                    'Use principle of least privilege',
                    'Implement proper session management'
                ],
                'anti_patterns': [
                    'Client-side authorization only',
                    'Missing authorization checks',
                    'Privilege escalation vulnerabilities'
                ]
            },
            'cryptography': {
                'name': 'Cryptography',
                'description': 'Usar criptografía adecuadamente',
                'examples': [
                    'Use proven cryptographic algorithms',
                    'Generate secure random numbers',
                    'Use proper key management',
                    'Implement secure communication'
                ],
                'anti_patterns': [
                    'Rolling your own crypto',
                    'Using weak algorithms',
                    'Hardcoded encryption keys'
                ]
            },
            'error_handling': {
                'name': 'Error Handling',
                'description': 'Manejar errores de forma segura',
                'examples': [
                    'Don\'t expose sensitive information',
                    'Log errors securely',
                    'Use generic error messages',
                    'Implement proper exception handling'
                ],
                'anti_patterns': [
                    'Exposing stack traces',
                    'Revealing system information',
                    'Insufficient error logging'
                ]
            }
        }
        
        self.code_review_checklist = {}
        self.static_analysis_rules = {}
    
    def create_code_review_checklist(self, language):
        """Crear checklist de revisión de código"""
        language_checklists = {
            'python': [
                'Input validation implemented',
                'SQL injection prevention',
                'XSS prevention',
                'Authentication implemented',
                'Authorization checks present',
                'Error handling secure',
                'Logging implemented',
                'Dependencies up to date'
            ],
            'javascript': [
                'Input validation on client and server',
                'XSS prevention',
                'CSRF protection',
                'Secure authentication',
                'Authorization checks',
                'Error handling secure',
                'Dependencies up to date',
                'Content Security Policy'
            ],
            'java': [
                'Input validation implemented',
                'SQL injection prevention',
                'XSS prevention',
                'Authentication implemented',
                'Authorization checks present',
                'Error handling secure',
                'Logging implemented',
                'Dependencies up to date'
            ]
        }
        
        self.code_review_checklist[language] = language_checklists.get(language, [])
        return self.code_review_checklist[language]
    
    def analyze_code_security(self, code_file, language):
        """Analizar seguridad del código"""
        analysis_result = {
            'file': code_file,
            'language': language,
            'security_issues': [],
            'compliance_score': 0.0,
            'recommendations': []
        }
        
        # Simular análisis de seguridad
        security_issues = self.simulate_security_analysis(code_file, language)
        analysis_result['security_issues'] = security_issues
        
        # Calcular score de cumplimiento
        checklist = self.create_code_review_checklist(language)
        compliance_score = self.calculate_compliance_score(code_file, checklist)
        analysis_result['compliance_score'] = compliance_score
        
        # Generar recomendaciones
        recommendations = self.generate_recommendations(security_issues, compliance_score)
        analysis_result['recommendations'] = recommendations
        
        return analysis_result
    
    def simulate_security_analysis(self, code_file, language):
        """Simular análisis de seguridad"""
        issues = []
        
        # Simular detección de problemas comunes
        if 'password' in code_file.lower():
            issues.append({
                'type': 'hardcoded_password',
                'severity': 'high',
                'line': 15,
                'description': 'Hardcoded password detected',
                'recommendation': 'Use environment variables or secure configuration'
            })
        
        if 'sql' in code_file.lower() and 'concatenation' in code_file.lower():
            issues.append({
                'type': 'sql_injection',
                'severity': 'critical',
                'line': 42,
                'description': 'Potential SQL injection vulnerability',
                'recommendation': 'Use parameterized queries'
            })
        
        if 'eval(' in code_file.lower():
            issues.append({
                'type': 'code_injection',
                'severity': 'critical',
                'line': 28,
                'description': 'Use of eval() function detected',
                'recommendation': 'Avoid eval() and use safer alternatives'
            })
        
        return issues
    
    def calculate_compliance_score(self, code_file, checklist):
        """Calcular score de cumplimiento"""
        total_checks = len(checklist)
        passed_checks = 0
        
        # Simular verificación de checklist
        for check in checklist:
            if self.simulate_check_passing(check, code_file):
                passed_checks += 1
        
        return (passed_checks / total_checks * 100) if total_checks > 0 else 0
    
    def simulate_check_passing(self, check, code_file):
        """Simular si un check pasa"""
        # Simulación simplificada
        check_keywords = {
            'input validation': ['validate', 'sanitize', 'filter'],
            'sql injection prevention': ['parameterized', 'prepared', 'bind'],
            'xss prevention': ['escape', 'encode', 'sanitize'],
            'authentication': ['auth', 'login', 'password'],
            'authorization': ['permission', 'role', 'access'],
            'error handling': ['try', 'catch', 'exception'],
            'logging': ['log', 'logger', 'audit']
        }
        
        keywords = check_keywords.get(check.lower(), [])
        return any(keyword in code_file.lower() for keyword in keywords)
    
    def generate_recommendations(self, security_issues, compliance_score):
        """Generar recomendaciones"""
        recommendations = []
        
        if compliance_score < 70:
            recommendations.append('Improve overall code security compliance')
        
        if any(issue['severity'] == 'critical' for issue in security_issues):
            recommendations.append('Address critical security issues immediately')
        
        if any(issue['type'] == 'sql_injection' for issue in security_issues):
            recommendations.append('Implement parameterized queries')
        
        if any(issue['type'] == 'hardcoded_password' for issue in security_issues):
            recommendations.append('Use secure configuration management')
        
        if compliance_score < 50:
            recommendations.append('Consider security training for development team')
        
        return recommendations
    
    def get_secure_coding_guidelines(self, language):
        """Obtener guías de codificación segura"""
        guidelines = {
            'python': {
                'input_validation': 'Use libraries like validators or cerberus',
                'sql_injection': 'Use SQLAlchemy ORM or parameterized queries',
                'xss_prevention': 'Use Jinja2 auto-escaping',
                'authentication': 'Use libraries like Flask-Login or Django auth',
                'cryptography': 'Use cryptography library for encryption'
            },
            'javascript': {
                'input_validation': 'Use libraries like Joi or Yup',
                'xss_prevention': 'Use DOMPurify for sanitization',
                'csrf_protection': 'Use CSRF tokens',
                'authentication': 'Use JWT with proper validation',
                'cryptography': 'Use Web Crypto API or crypto-js'
            },
            'java': {
                'input_validation': 'Use Bean Validation (JSR-303)',
                'sql_injection': 'Use PreparedStatement',
                'xss_prevention': 'Use OWASP Java Encoder',
                'authentication': 'Use Spring Security',
                'cryptography': 'Use Java Cryptography Extension (JCE)'
            }
        }
        
        return guidelines.get(language, {})

# Ejemplo de uso
secure_coding = SecureCodingPractices()

# Crear checklist para Python
python_checklist = secure_coding.create_code_review_checklist('python')
print(f"Checklist de Python: {python_checklist}")

# Analizar código de ejemplo
sample_code = """
def login(username, password):
    query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '" + username + "' AND password = '" + password + "'"
    result = execute_query(query)
    return result
"""

analysis = secure_coding.analyze_code_security(sample_code, 'python')
print(f"Análisis de seguridad: {analysis['compliance_score']:.1f}% compliance")
print(f"Issues encontrados: {len(analysis['security_issues'])}")

# Obtener guías de codificación
guidelines = secure_coding.get_secure_coding_guidelines('python')
print(f"Guías de Python: {list(guidelines.keys())}")

Mejores Prácticas

Integración en el Proceso

  • Cultura de Seguridad: Fomentar cultura de seguridad
  • Capacitación: Capacitación continua del equipo
  • Herramientas: Herramientas de desarrollo seguro
  • Procesos: Procesos integrados de seguridad

Diseño Seguro

  • Principios: Aplicar principios de seguridad
  • Patrones: Usar patrones de diseño seguro
  • Arquitectura: Diseñar arquitectura segura
  • Revisión: Revisión de diseño de seguridad

Implementación

  • Código Seguro: Escribir código seguro
  • Pruebas: Pruebas de seguridad
  • Revisión: Revisión de código
  • Automatización: Automatización de verificaciones

Conceptos Relacionados

Referencias