CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) is a process improvement framework that helps organizations improve their performance by implementing best practices in development, acquisition and service delivery.

What is CMMI?

CMMI is a maturity model that provides a framework for evaluating and improving organizational processes, helping organizations develop more effective and efficient capabilities.

CMMI Evolution

CMMI v1.0 (2000)

  • Focus: Integration of CMM models
  • Models: Software development, systems engineering
  • Structure: Staged and continuous representation
  • Application: Primarily software development

CMMI v1.1 (2002)

  • Focus: Model improvements
  • Models: Software development, systems engineering
  • Structure: Staged and continuous representation
  • Application: Adoption in more sectors

CMMI v1.2 (2006)

  • Focus: Significant improvements
  • Models: Development, services, acquisition
  • Structure: Staged and continuous representation
  • Application: Worldwide adoption

CMMI v1.3 (2010)

  • Focus: Service improvements
  • Models: Development, services, acquisition
  • Structure: Staged and continuous representation
  • Application: World standard

CMMI v2.0 (2018)

  • Focus: Digital transformation
  • Models: Development, services, acquisition
  • Structure: Staged and continuous representation
  • Application: Focus on business results

CMMI Structure

CMMI Models

  • CMMI-DEV: Product and service development
  • CMMI-SVC: Service delivery
  • CMMI-ACQ: Product and service acquisition

Representations

  • Staged: Organizational maturity levels
  • Continuous: Process capability levels
  • Hybrid: Combination of both representations

Maturity Levels (Staged Representation)

Level 1: Initial

  • Characteristics: Ad-hoc and unpredictable processes
  • Results: Inconsistent, dependent on individuals
  • Management: Limited or non-existent
  • Improvement: No improvement process

Level 2: Managed

  • Characteristics: Basic processes established
  • Results: Consistent for similar projects
  • Management: Basic project management
  • Improvement: Reactive improvement

Level 3: Defined

  • Characteristics: Standard processes defined
  • Results: Consistent across organization
  • Management: Standard process management
  • Improvement: Proactive improvement

Level 4: Quantitatively Managed

  • Characteristics: Measured and controlled processes
  • Results: Predictable and controlled
  • Management: Data-based management
  • Improvement: Data-based improvement

Level 5: Optimizing

  • Characteristics: Continuously optimized processes
  • Results: Continuous performance improvement
  • Management: Innovation management
  • Improvement: Continuous improvement

Capability Levels (Continuous Representation)

Level 0: Incomplete

  • Characteristics: Process not implemented
  • Results: Objectives not achieved
  • Management: No process management
  • Improvement: No improvement

Level 1: Performed

  • Characteristics: Process implemented
  • Results: Basic objectives achieved
  • Management: Basic management
  • Improvement: Basic improvement

Level 2: Managed

  • Characteristics: Managed process
  • Results: Predictable results
  • Management: Established management
  • Improvement: Planned improvement

Level 3: Defined

  • Characteristics: Defined process
  • Results: Consistent results
  • Management: Standard management
  • Improvement: Systematic improvement

Level 4: Quantitatively Managed

  • Characteristics: Measured process
  • Results: Controlled results
  • Management: Data-based management
  • Improvement: Data-based improvement

Level 5: Optimizing

  • Characteristics: Optimized process
  • Results: Continuous improvement
  • Management: Innovation management
  • Improvement: Continuous improvement

Process Areas

Project Management

  • Project Planning: Project planning
  • Monitoring and Control: Project monitoring and control
  • Agreement Management: Supplier agreement management
  • Risk Management: Project risk management

Process Management

  • Process Definition: Organizational process definition
  • Process Improvement: Organizational process improvement
  • Quality Management: Process quality management
  • Configuration Management: Configuration management

Engineering Management

  • Requirements Analysis: Requirements analysis
  • Solution Design: Solution design
  • Implementation: Solution implementation
  • Integration: Component integration

Support Management

  • Configuration Management: Configuration management
  • Quality Management: Quality management
  • Measurement Management: Measurement management
  • Knowledge Management: Knowledge management

Generic Practices

Level 2 Practices

  • GP 2.1: Establish organizational policy
  • GP 2.2: Plan the process
  • GP 2.3: Provide resources
  • GP 2.4: Assign responsibilities
  • GP 2.5: Train personnel
  • GP 2.6: Manage configurations
  • GP 2.7: Identify and involve stakeholders
  • GP 2.8: Monitor and control the process
  • GP 2.9: Objectively evaluate adherence
  • GP 2.10: Review status with management

Level 3 Practices

  • GP 3.1: Establish defined process
  • GP 3.2: Collect improvement data

Level 4 Practices

  • GP 4.1: Establish quantitative objectives
  • GP 4.2: Stabilize process performance

Level 5 Practices

  • GP 5.1: Ensure continuous improvement
  • GP 5.2: Correct common problems

CMMI Benefits

Organizational

  • Efficiency: Improved operational efficiency
  • Quality: Improved product and service quality
  • Cost: Reduced operational costs
  • Time: Reduced development times

Technical

  • Processes: Standardized processes
  • Tools: Integrated tools
  • Metrics: Performance metrics
  • Improvement: Continuous improvement

Commercial

  • Satisfaction: Customer satisfaction
  • Competitiveness: Competitive advantage
  • Innovation: Innovation capability
  • Growth: Growth support

CMMI Implementation

Phase 1: Preparation

  • Commitment: Management commitment
  • Resources: Resource allocation
  • Team: Implementation team formation
  • Communication: Communication plan

Phase 2: Evaluation

  • Current State: Current state evaluation
  • Gaps: Gap identification
  • Risks: Risk evaluation
  • Resources: Available resource evaluation

Phase 3: Planning

  • Objectives: Objective definition
  • Roadmap: Implementation plan
  • Priorities: Activity prioritization
  • Budget: Budget planning

Phase 4: Implementation

  • Processes: Process implementation
  • Tools: Tool implementation
  • Training: Personnel training
  • Monitoring: Progress monitoring

Phase 5: Operation

  • Monitoring: Continuous monitoring
  • Evaluation: Periodic evaluation
  • Improvement: Continuous improvement
  • Update: Framework update

Tools and Resources

CMMI Tools

  • CMMI Assessment Tools: Assessment tools
  • Process Improvement Tools: Process improvement tools
  • Measurement Tools: Measurement tools
  • Training Materials: Training materials

Additional Resources

  • CMMI Institute: CMMI Institute
  • CMMI Training: Training programs
  • CMMI Certification: Professional certifications
  • CMMI Community: Practice community

Use Cases

Private Sector

  • Companies: Implementation in private companies
  • Critical Sectors: Critical infrastructure
  • SMEs: Small and medium enterprises
  • Multinationals: Multinational companies

Public Sector

  • Government Agencies: Implementation in agencies
  • Local Governments: State and local governments
  • Defense: Defense sector
  • Health: Public health sector

Academic Sector

  • Universities: Higher education institutions
  • Research: Research institutions
  • K-12: Primary and secondary schools
  • Libraries: Public libraries

Best Practices

Implementation

  1. Executive commitment: Obtain management commitment
  2. Complete evaluation: Conduct comprehensive evaluation
  3. Detailed planning: Develop detailed plan
  4. Gradual implementation: Implement gradually
  5. Continuous monitoring: Monitor continuously

Management

  1. Regular communication: Regular communication with stakeholders
  2. Continuous training: Continuous personnel training
  3. Periodic evaluation: Periodic progress evaluation
  4. Continuous improvement: Continuous framework improvement
  5. Update: Regular framework update

References

Glossary

  • CMMI: Capability Maturity Model Integration
  • CMMI-DEV: CMMI for Development
  • CMMI-SVC: CMMI for Services
  • CMMI-ACQ: CMMI for Acquisition
  • GP: Generic Practice
  • SG: Specific Goal
  • SP: Specific Practice
  • PA: Process Area
  • SCAMPI: Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement
  • SEI: Software Engineering Institute