Data networks

Data networks are infrastructures that allow data transmission between connected devices.

What are Data Networks?

Data networks are communication infrastructures that allow information transmission between devices connected through network protocols.

Network Types

By Scope

  • LAN: Local Area Network
  • WAN: Wide Area Network
  • MAN: Metropolitan Area Network
  • PAN: Personal Area Network

By Topology

  • Bus: Bus network
  • Star: Star network
  • Ring: Ring network
  • Mesh: Mesh network

By Technology

  • Ethernet: Ethernet networks
  • WiFi: Wireless networks
  • Fiber: Fiber optic networks
  • Cellular: Cellular networks

Components

Hardware

  • Switches: Network switches
  • Routers: Routers
  • Firewalls: Firewalls
  • Access Points: Access points

Cables

  • UTP: Twisted pair cable
  • STP: Shielded twisted pair cable
  • Fiber: Fiber optic cable
  • Coaxial: Coaxial cable

Protocols

  • TCP/IP: Internet protocol
  • Ethernet: Ethernet protocol
  • WiFi: WiFi protocol
  • DNS: Domain Name System

Architecture

Layers

  • Physical: Physical layer
  • Data Link: Data link layer
  • Network: Network layer
  • Transport: Transport layer

Models

  • OSI: OSI model
  • TCP/IP: TCP/IP model
  • IEEE: IEEE standards
  • RFC: Request for Comments

Configuration

Basic

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# Configure network interface
sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.100/24 dev eth0
sudo ip link set eth0 up

# Configure default route
sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1

# Verify configuration
ip addr show
ip route show

Advanced

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# Configure VLAN
sudo vconfig add eth0 100
sudo ip addr add 192.168.100.1/24 dev eth0.100

# Configure bonding
sudo modprobe bonding
echo "bond0" > /sys/class/net/bonding_masters

Security

Controls

  • Firewalls: Network firewalls
  • IDS/IPS: Detection systems
  • VPN: Virtual private networks
  • Segmentation: Network segmentation

Monitoring

  • SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
  • NetFlow: Flow analysis
  • Packet Capture: Packet capture
  • Logs: Log analysis

Use Cases

Companies

  • Connectivity: Internal connectivity
  • Internet: Internet access
  • Services: Network services
  • Communication: Internal communication

Data Centers

  • Servers: Server connectivity
  • Storage: Storage networks
  • Backup: Backup networks
  • Monitoring: Monitoring networks

Cloud

  • Virtualization: Virtual networks
  • Containers: Container networks
  • Microservices: Microservice networks
  • API: API networks

Best Practices

Design

  • Scalability: Scalable design
  • Redundancy: Network redundancy
  • Security: Security by design
  • Monitoring: Network monitoring

Operation

  • Maintenance: Regular maintenance
  • Updates: Firmware updates
  • Backup: Configuration backups
  • Documentation: Network documentation

Security

  • Segmentation: Segment networks
  • Monitoring: Monitor traffic
  • Access: Access control
  • Audit: Network audits

References